Abstract: Eighty-five rock samples corresponding to the Palaeozoic formations were taken from two wells in the NC 200 Block of the Murzuq Basin. The study aimed to find out geochemical characteristics of Silurian Bir Tlacsin/Tanezzuft Formations, the Devonian Awaynat Wanin/BDS II Formations, and the Carboniferous Marar/Lower Marar Formations. Rock-Eval analysis, Total organic carbon (TOC) parameters and specific Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) biomarkers were applied to determine the potential hydrocarbon generation. Per se, Rocks are good sources and hold fair content of organic matter, crossing in the range of good accumulation, in which the very good source rocks have an organic carbon richness (TOC) reached of 3.7 wt%. The studied rocks are ranged from immature to late mature organic matter (OM) with total organic carbon richness (TOC) range between 0.4 – 3.7 wt%. Rock-Eval parameters S1, S2, S3, Tmax, S2/S3, OI, PI and HI of the source rock samples have values ranged from 0.02 – 0.3, 0.22 – 6, 0.36 – 4, 423 – 443, 24= 350, 0 – 0.27 and 42 – 384 respectively. The range of hydrogen index (HI) related to oxygen index (OI) displays that all kerogen types from Type II to Type III are exist and increase with depth. The Tmax parameter is wide-ranging among studied formations, indicating different levels of organic matter maturity, from immature oil window and to late mature for the Devonian-Carboniferous and Silurian source rocks, associated with more depth. Molecular composition analysis of n-alkanes and other biomarkers supported the findings of Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, revealing varied hydrocarbon signatures across the formations. The Carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) suggested multiple sources contributing to the generated oil, including Type I to Type III kerogens.

Abstract: The Ordovician to Devonian succession in the in Murzuq Basin represents the most important part of the lower Paleozoic terrigenous Al Gargaf siliciclastic group, which consists of several formations such as the Ordovician Hawaz, Melaz Shuqran and Mamuniyat Formations and the Devonian Tadrart and Awainat Wanin Formations. Different integrated methods were used and implemented in order to understand lithology and sedimentary structures of the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian formations. Firstly, intensive geological field trips were carried out and special attention was focused on Ordovician and Devonian reservoir sandstones and the Silurian source rocks. Secondly facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy methods were applied to figure out a simple sequence stratigraphic division of the Ordovician to Devonian succession based on outcrop sections, well logs and interpreted seismic sections. As a result of the petrographic field investigation and facies analysis based on seismic interpretation of the several seismic lines in the study area. Sequence boundaries of the Ordovician and Devonian succession on all seismic sections were identified by using specific reflection terminations such as onlap and erosional truncations features. 13 seismic facies were recognized, divided and classified for each of the examined stratigraphic formations (4 facies in Hawaz, 5 facies in Melaz Shuqran and Mamuniyat formations and 4 facies in the Tadrart and Awainat Wanin). A seismic facies classification chart was made on the basis of the classified seismic facies scheme, since depositional systems and types of seismic facies differ in each stratigraphic succession. Depositional sequences of sedimentary environments were identified from well logs and available 2D seismic sections and sequence stratigraphic frameworks were constructed for the Ordovician and Devonian formations. Based on the facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy interpretations, two different order sequences in the Ordovician to Devonian succession have been found and identified: The major sequences are possibly 2nd-order sequences in time duration. They are clearly traceable on all seismic sections. May be minor sequences are possibly 3rd-order sequences, and they are not traceable on all seismic sections clearly, but are recognized on well logs or outcrop sections. Eventually, all obtained information and that results were plotted on the different maps for each examined section to construct a depositional model and to estimate the maximum distributions of each formation separately on the basis of depositional system interpretations.

Keywords: Murzuq Basin, Al Gargaf siliciclastic group, Ordovician to Devonian succession, depositional system and seismic facies

Triflusal is a prodrug used as a platelet antiaggregant agent (a platelet aggregation inhibitor). It has efficacy similar to that of aspirin specially in patients with cerebral and myocardial infraction. Chemically, triflusal is nothing except a derivative of acetylsalicylic acid (2-acetyl-3-trifluoromethylsalicylic acid). It is bio-transformed under the effect of a deacetylation process into the active metabolite (known as HTB) which is 2-hydroxyl-3-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid. During the triflusal uses the cutaneous phototoxic/photoallergic side effect is noted including rash, itching or allergic reactions. In order to study this side effect, we use a very excellent tool to study such reactions which is DFT and TD-DFT. The active metabolite of triflusal HTB molecular orbitals and UV-VIS spectroscopic features have been investigated herein. The obtained results show that there is a difference in the molecular orbitals (MOs) pattern between the two forms of HTB (protonated and deprotonated) especially the HOMOs of the deprotonated species..

Seven sedimentary rocks and seven crude oils undertook a geochemical analysis to describe their organic matter type and

then tag the Paleoenvironments based on the organic matter. The samples were collected from B1-NC151, A1-NC58, P1-

NC1, E1-NC174, D1-NC151, H29-NC115, and D1-NC174 boreholes, located in Murzuq Basin. The study was established to

understand life forms in the ecosystem based on biomarkers that biochemical techniques recognized. Microscopy was used

for kerogen typing and Spore Color Index reference. Organic matter (EOM) was extracted from cutting samples. Furthermore,

hydrocarbons were saturated and aromatic fractionated from the samples to investigate using Gas chromatograph system.

Spore color index (SCI), range between 1.5-3.5, Amorphous organic matter (AOM) from 42 to 95 percentage, Phytoclasts %

were 4-15.5, and Palynomorphs % range 0.5 to 7.5. The percentage of Carbon 85.66-86.29, Hydrogen 13.16-13.73, Nitrogen

0.06 -0.27, and Sulfur 0.31-0.70, besides wax were measured, ranging among 1.3 to 6.0 %. Pristine/n-C17, Phytane/n-C18,

Pristine/Phytane, carbon preference index measurements (CPI) and DBT/P as saturated hydrocarbon ratios from whole oil

chromatographs were established. Tricyclic terpanes, hopanes and n-alkanes were distinguishing as the most important oil

biomarkers that reserved the characteristics in the Paleoenvironments. 

Eighty-five rock samples corresponding to the Palaeozoic formations were taken from two wells in

the NC 200 Block of the Murzuq Basin. The study aimed to find out geochemical characteristics of

parameters and specific Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) biomarkers were 

applied to determine the potential hydrocarbon generation. Per se, Rocks are good sources and 

hold fair content of organic matter, crossing in the range of good accumulation, in which the very 

good source rocks have an organic carbon richness (TOC) reached of 3.7 wt%. The studied rocks 

are ranged from immature to late mature organic matter (OM) with total organic carbon richness 

(TOC) range between 0.4 – 3.7 wt%. Rock-Eval parameters S1, S2, S3, Tmax, S2/S3, OI, PI and HI 

of the source rock samples have values ranged from 0.02 – 0.3, 0.22 – 6, 0.36 – 4, 423 – 443, 24= 

350, 0 – 0.27 and 42 – 384 respectively. The range of hydrogen index (HI) related to oxygen index 

(OI) displays that all kerogen types from Type II to Type III are exist and increase with depth. The 

Tmax parameter is wide-ranging among studied formations, indicating different levels of organic 

matter maturity, from immature oil window and to late mature for the Devonian-Carboniferous and 

Silurian source rocks, associated with more depth. Molecular composition analysis of n-alkanes and 

other biomarkers supported the findings of Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, revealing varied hydrocarbon 

signatures across the formations. The Carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) suggested multiple sources 

contributing to the generated oil, including Type I to Type III kerogens. Silurian Bir Tlacsin/Tanezzuft Formations, the Devonian Awaynat Wanin/BDS II Formations, and

Large outbreaks of skin lesions in cattle have been observed recently throughout the governorate. The LSDV was

shown to be the causative factor. The local strain of LSDV was sequenced and deposited into GenBank, where it

was assigned the accession number MK552139 and designated as LSDV/Egy-BSU/2018. The discovered strain

resources were connected and to other LSDVs, however the phylogenetic tree clustered viruses of sheep pox, goat

pox, and LSD viruses independently.

ABSTRACT: Study area situated in the center of the Hameimat trough which is located in the southeast of the Sirte basin. The Hameimat trough contains two of the largest oil fields in Libya, Gialo and Abu-Attifel fields. The Upper Cretaceous Rachmat, Tagrifet, and Sirte Formations are considered as the main source rock in Sirte Basin.Organic geochemical study of the Upper Cretaceous Rachmat, Tagrifet and Sirte Formations show these Formations have total organic carbon content values of 0.53% to 3.35% fair to excellent as source rock. The Kerogen types are type II and III mixed continental and marine organic matter. The thermal maturity of these formations indicates a mature stage in oil window.Oil saturation index (OSI: S1*100/TOC) shows that Sirte and Rachamt formations have low oil saturation, while the Tagrifet formation has good potential, where OSI exceeds 140 mg HC/g TOC in the most samples of the formation. The Tagrifet formation considers a good unconventional reservoir for shale oil, where the Sirte and Rachmat formations consider possible for shale oil with high risk.

Keywords: Unconventional reservoirs, Organic geochemistry, Sirte basin, shale oil and gas

Abstract: New footprints of theropod dinosaurs were discovered near Sebha city, southwestern Libya. It is the only known dinosaur record from the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous period within the Messak Formation. The dinosaur footprints have been examined, counted, measured, photographed, and described to deduce the type of dinosaur, its size, shape, walking style, potential diet, and, if possible, its social interactions with other individuals. A total of 183 clear dinosaur footprints were found and documented, and at least two main sizes of footprints have been defined, characterized, and categorized into two groups: large footprints and small ones. The examined footprints made by an upright dinosaur stood and walked on its two hind feet on a humid layer composed of clay, silt, and fine sand. These footprints suggest they may belong to the theropod group of dinosaurs. The size of these footprints ranges from 20 to 60 cm, and the most common type is characterized by an angle of 50 to 70 degrees between the outermost digits. The foot size suggests that the trace makers' height at the pelvis ranged from 0.8 to 2.4 m, while the overall length of the creature reached 9 m from head to tail. A close examination of the footprints reveals almost equal distances between each footprint, indicating that the animals were moving with coordinated, normal steps and walking in their typical gait. Consequently, they were not in a state of chase or escape from any potential dangers. Based on the current state of knowledge, we believe there are two possible interpretations regarding the preservation of these footprints. Physical and chemical processes, such as consolidation, cementation, and the formation of a crust of iron oxides, played a crucial role in preserving the dinosaur footprints within fragile sediments primarily composed of silt and mudstone beds, which are covered by thin layers of sandstone.

Keywords: Murzuq Basin, Messak Formation, dinosaur footprints.

greetings, I Hope you are doing well. Professor. Salem Aboglila Head of the Department of Environmental Science School of Basic Sciences Libyan Academy for Postgraduate Studies Tripoli – Libya

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