This study was conducted on mammals in the western part of the Jafara Plain and on its relationship to environmental factors, such as temperature and rainfall. This study included two parts; the first part is a field study to identify the species of wild mammals in the western part of the Jafara plain and to determine its geographical distribution. The second part of this study included analyzing data of average annual rainfall and average annual temperatures, using the regression equation and the quintile equation for eight urban areas within the region during thirty years, from 1977 to 2006 due to the availability of temperature and precipitation data in this period. The results showed that there are nineteen species of wild mammals in this region belonging to ten families of six orders. The most recorded species belong to the order of rodents (47%) followed by the order of carnivores (26%), then insectivores (10%). Results of environmental changes showed that, the trend in all studied areas was negative and that the amounts of rain were fluctuating, unstable and decreased at a rate between 40 - 125 mm during the thirty years. As for the temperature, it rose during this period between 1.5oC to 2oC. Therefore, it became clear that the change in environmental factors caused an increase in the rate of drought, and this is what threatens the natural vegetation and thus threatens all other organisms, especially wild mammals, which their numbers were few in the driest places on the plain of Jafara. Key words: Mammals, Biodiversity, Temperature, Rain, Libya.

Abstract: This study Was Carried at the area of Tajura. It covers three places, AL Hamedia, Sidi Khalifa and Industrial Compounded (AL-mojamma Assinay). The Study aimed to investigate the influence of some contaminations which may be produced from wastewater treatment plants in the study area, and from the landfill of the industrial compound. The quality of the ground water of the sites were determined according to the Libyan standard of drinking water No 82 for the year of 2013 and according to the world health organization standard, 1989. To achieve the goals of the study, many chemical and biological analyses were performed on 23 samples of groundwater. The analysis included electric conductivity EC, Total dissolved solids, TDS, pH, some cations and anions Mg2+, Ca2+ , K + , Na+ , Cl- , NO3 - , SO4 - and some heavily and micro elements like Hg, pb, Cu. Total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were screened. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) adjusted sodium carbonate were collected as well. The results revealed that according to the Libyan and WHO standard the majority of the groundwater samples were influenced by wastewater, seawater intrusion. The results also showed that most of the wells located in Al Hamedia area were contaminated with coliform bacteria. However, the ground water sample of well No 3 and 7 were under the allowable limits according to the Libyan standard for drinking water 2013. 

Abstract: This study deals with research on the environmental effects of water transferred to Tripoli City, Libya, on economic activity, especially agricultural production, as well as, the side project of urban, industrial and service side of the area compared to areas that do not suffer from water scarcity in Libya This done by relying on reports and official statistics issued by the competent authorities in Libya and analysis of that information statistically as in this study the use of available information on the study area through the distribution of a questionnaire relating to the urban side forms and 125 questionnaires were contained many questions that serve this study. The number of 50 was distributed questionnaires to the owners of the farms in the study area that serve this study in terms of the environmental aspect. As well as, the distribution 25 were distributed to 25 industrial and service sites concerning the study of the industrial and service sides. The analysis of these questionnaires using some descriptive statistics methods and of the standard deviation frequencies and percentages to display the data that reflect the personal variables of the items of the sample, as well as some of the methods and statistical tests and other deductive, were also statistically significant study data processing through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS- Statistical Package for Social Sciences), where it shows that the lack of water in the study area has led to a decrease in productivity of agricultural land, and weak returns economic them, also forced people in this region to compensate for the acute water shortage in the daily water their needs secured by through the purchase of water large amounts of money to weigh their shoulders and brought in from other far places by portable tanks on trucks, which cost the citizen additional expenses directly from the annual limited income, and also cause them in other, indirect costs as a result of the need for storage that amount of water transferred, In addition, the failure to ensure borne water quality and may result in health problems for the population, which confirms that the severe shortage and water scarcity afflicting the study area throught environmental, social and economic concerns. 

الملخص: في هذه الدراسة تم الكشف عن مؤشر التلوث بالمجموعة القولونية والقولونية الغائطية.sp Coliform، coli.E علي مياه المناطة الشائطية الممتده من منطقة تا جوراء شرقا حتي سوق الجمعة غرباً والتي يبلغ طولها حوالي 15 كيلومتر, وذلك من خلال بداية فصل الصيف حيث تم تقسيم المنطقة الي 10 محطات بحيث ًقسمب كل محطة الي 3 مستوياب وأجريت التحاليل البكتريولوجية والكشف عن بكتيريا coli.E باستخدام طريقة dry Compact وهي طريقة اختبار حديثة وسريعة ودًقيقة واعطت نتائج اسرع مقارنة بالطرق التقليدية المستخدمة[15]، واظهرب نتائج التحاليل البكتريولوجية ان %90 من العينات بمواًرا الدراسرة كانرب ملوةرة بالموموعرة القولونيرة الطاةطيرة حيب تراوحب االعداد ما برين الصررر وحردم 100/ مرل ، 4350 وحردم 100/مرل, كمررا اظ رررب النترراة ان %100 مررن العينرراب ملوةررة بالبكتريررا القولونيررة حيررث تراوحررب ادعررداد مررا بررين 833 وحرردم ، 11316 وحرردم ، مقارنررة بالمواصررراب القياسية التونسية لوودم المياه الساحلية والتي تنص علي ان الحدود المسرموحة 500 وحررردم / 100مرررل مرررن الموموعرررة القولونيرررة, و 100 وحررردم / 100مرررل للموموعررة القولونيررة الطاةطيررة, كررذلك سررولب النترراة ارترررام تركيرر االكسرروين الحيروي المسرت لك )5BOD )فري المحطراب )،4 ,5 ,6 7 , 8 , 9( مرن )6.2 – 7.1مليورام/لتر( والتري اوضرحب نسر تلروث أعلري مرن براًي المحطراب ممرا أد الي يادم الطلر الحيروي علري االكسروين فري ميراه البحرر االمرر الرذي ًرد يؤكرد ان ارترررام ادكسرروين المسررت لك حيويررا فرري هررذه المحطرراب ًررد يكررون بسررب وفرررم المطذياب في مياه الصررف الصحي وكذلك زيادة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة في هذه المياه.

Abstract: This study has been conducted to assess the groundwater quality by using Water Qulaity Index (WQI) in the AlNawahi Al-Arbaa in Libya. The study included four areas: Qasr bin Ghashir area, Sidi-AlSaeah , Sbeyah nd Suq-Alkhamis. To estimate WQI, many physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of 14 samples of groundwater were determined during summer 2015.The results revealed that some of physical, chemical parameters of groundwater samples were among the Libyan Standards allowed limits for drink. Bacteriologically, the results showed that the well number (13) was contaminated and was not suitable for human use, while the rest of the wells were not contaminated. In term of WQI, it was found that wells (w2, w3, w12, w13, w14) were within the range of good water ،while the other wells were classified within the range of unsuitable for drinking purposes. 

تكتسي الخزانات الجوفية السطحية للمناطق الساحلية القريبة من البحر أهمية خاصة فيما يتعلق بإمكانية تداخل المياه المالحة للبحر مع مياه تلك الخزانات، ومن ثم تلوثها، محددة بذلك دواعي استعمالاتها وجدوى استخدامها. في هذه الدراسة تم تقييم مدى هشاشة الخزانات الجوفية السطحية القريبة من ساحل البحر لمنطقة طرابلس للتلوث بمياه البحر باستخدام نموذج جالدت GALDIT ذي المعلمات الست الأكثر تأثيرا على تسرب مياه البحر ,والتي تشمل كل من نوع الخزان الجوفي، ومعامل التوصيل الهيدروليكي التشبعي للخزان الجوفي، و ارتفاع مستوى الماء الجوفي فوق مستوى البحر، والمسافة التي يبعدها البئر عن شاطئ البحر، وتأثير حالات وجود تداخل مياه البحر باستخدام نسبة تركيز الكلوريد الذائب إلى مجموع نسبتي كل من أيون البيكربونات والكربونات الذائبة في المياه الجوفية، و سمك الخزان الجوفي. جمعت 51 عينة من مياه آبار منطقة الدراسة خلال شهر يوليو 2016، موزعة على 8 قطاعات متعامدة على ساحل البحر بمسافة أقصاها 15 كيلومتر وموازية لبعضها البعض بمسافة بينية تصل إلى 5 كيلومتر بين القطاعات، و 2 كيلومتر بين آبار القطاع الواحد. تم تقدير كل من الخصائص الكيميائية لعينات المياه وتلك المتعلقة بهيدرولوجية ومواقع الآبار المدروسة. أظهرت نتائج خريطة توزيع مؤشر نموذج جالدت لمنطقة الدراسة، أن قابلية الخزانات الجوفية السطحية لأغلب منطقة الدراسة معرضة إلى خطر التلوث بمياه البحر بدرجة متوسطة، فيما كانت المنطقة الجنوبية الغربية أقل عرضة لخطر التلوث. لسهولة استخدام نموذج جالدت GALDIT توصي الدراسة بالتوسع في استخدامه في المناطق الساحلية المتاخمة للبحر.